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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrylene</span></h1>
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<p>Als <b>Tetrylene</b> werden die divalenten Verbindungen der <a href="Kohlenstoffgruppe" title="Kohlenstoffgruppe">Gruppe 14</a> (Tetrele) mit der allgemeinen Summenformel R<sub>2</sub>E (E = <a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a>, <a href="Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a>, <a href="Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>, <a href="Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a>, <a href="Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a>) bezeichnet. Die einzelnen Verbindungen dieser Stoffklasse sind die <a href="Carbene" title="Carbene">Carbene</a>, <a href="Silylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Silylene">Silylene</a>, <a href="Germylene" title="Germylene">Germylene</a>, <a href="Stannylene" title="Stannylene">Stannylene</a> und <a href="Plumbylene" title="Plumbylene">Plumbylene</a>. Das Zentralatom dieser Verbindungen trägt in der Regel die <a href="Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationsstufe</a> +II. Sie können entsprechend ihrer Multiplizität in Singulett- und Tripletttetrylene eingeteilt werden, wobei letztere in der Regel nur bei den Carbenen von Relevanz sind.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struktur_und_Eigenschaften">Struktur und Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Als <a href="Bindigkeit" title="Bindigkeit">zweibindige</a> Gruppe 14-Verbindungen liegen alle Tetrylene gewinkelt vor. Da die <a href="Oktettregel" title="Oktettregel">Oktettregel</a> bei Tetrylenen per Definition nicht erfüllt ist, verbleiben weiterhin zwei Elektronen am Zentralatom. Diese können sich entweder in einem <a href="Molek%C3%BClorbitaltheorie" title="Molekülorbitaltheorie">Orbital</a> befinden, wodurch das Tetrylen sich in einem Singulettzustand befindet. Dies ist insbesondere bei geringen <a href="Hybridorbital" title="Hybridorbital">Hybridisierungsgraden</a> günstig, da sich die Elektronen dann in einem Orbital mit höherem <i>s</i>-Charakter befinden und <i>s</i>-Orbitale energetisch günstiger sind als die korrespondierenden <i>p</i>-Orbitale. Am Tetrylenzentrum befinden sich entsprechend ein freies Elektronenpaar und ein vakantes Orbital. Alternativ können sich die Elektronen auch in zwei verschiedenen Orbitalen aufhalten, das Tetrylen liegt dann entsprechend in einem Triplettzustand (als <a href="Radikal_(Chemie)" title="Radikal (Chemie)">Diradikal</a>) vor. Dies ist insbesondere bei hohen Hybridisierungsgraden günstig. Da die Hybridisierungstendenz im Allgemeinen mit steigender Periodizität abnimmt, sind Tripletttetrylene fast ausschließlich bei den Carbenen von praktischer Bedeutung (<a href="Carbenkomplexe#Schrock-Carben-Komplexe" title="Carbenkomplexe">Schrock-Carbene</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Energiedifferenz zwischen dem Singulett- und dem Triplettzustand von Tetrylenen korrespondiert in vielen Fällen mit der Reaktivität. So erweisen sich Tetrylene mit kleinen Singulett-Triplett-Abständen beispielsweise als Vorteilhaft im Bezug auf die Aktivierung von <a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H<sub>2</sub></a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und anderen E–H-Bindungen (E = C, <a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a>, Si etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="gallerytext">Frontorbitale von Singuletttetrylenen</div>
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<div class="gallerytext">Frontorbitale von Tripletttetrylenen</div>
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<p>Tetrylene können sowohl kinetisch als auch thermodynamisch stabilisiert werden. Zur kinetischen Stabilisierung werden in der Regel sterisch anspruchsvolle Substituenten eingesetzt. Die kinetische Stabilisierung von Singuletttetrylenen erfolgt hingegen meist über dem Tetrylenzentrum benachbarte Atome, die ein freies Elektronenpaar tragen. Diese können Elektronendichte in das vakante Orbital am Gruppe 14-Element donieren. Das prominenteste Beispiel, in denen eine solche Stabilisierung eines Kohlenstoffatoms durch zwei Stickstoffatome erfolgt, sind die <a href="N-Heterocyclische_Carbene" title="N-Heterocyclische Carbene"><i>N</i>-heterocyclischen Carbene</a>. Allerdings gibt es auch Beispiele, in denen die Stabilisierung durch Sauerstoff,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phosphor,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schwefel,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder <a href="Ylide" title="Ylide">ylidische Kohlenstoffatome</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> erfolgt.
</p><p>Singuletttetrylene weisen durch ihr freies Elektronenpaar starke <a href="Elektronendonator" title="Elektronendonator"><i>σ</i>-Donoreigenschaften</a> auf. Die Donorstärke hängt dabei eng mit der Energie des höchsten besetzten Molekülorbitals (HOMO) zusammen und nimmt bei gleicher Substitution mit steigender Ordnungszahl des Zentralatoms ab.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gleichzeitig weisen Singuletttetrylene durch das vakante Orbital am Zentralatom starke <a href="Elektronenakzeptor" title="Elektronenakzeptor"><i>π</i>-Akzeptoreigenschaften</a> auf. Diese hängen eng mit der Energie des niedrigsten unbesetzten Molekülorbitals (LUMO) zusammen und steigen mit zunehmender Ordnungszahl des Zentralatoms.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Donor- und Akzeptoreigenschaften können durch die Substituenten dabei deutlich beeinflusst werden. So führen -<i>I</i>-Effekte zu schwächeren σ-Donoren, +<i>I</i>-Effekte hingegen zu stärkeren.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gleichzeitig sinkt die Akzeptorstärke mit einem zunehmenden +<i>M</i>-Effekt der Substituenten.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auch der R–E–R-Bindungswinkel beeinflusst die Donorstärke der Tetrylene. So führen große Winkel durch eine damit verbundene Destabilisierung des HOMOs zu stärkeren Donoren.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthese">Synthese</h2></div>
<p>Zur Synthese von Carbenen siehe <a href="Carbene#Synthesen" title="Carbene">dort</a>. Die Synthese von schwereren Tetrylenen erfolgt in der Regel durch reduktive Dehalogenierung von geeigneten Precursoren. Auch die baseninduzierte Dehydrochlorierung, thermisch oder photochemisch Induzierte Reaktion sowie Transmetallierungen bieten sich hier an.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaktivität_und_Anwendung"><span id="Reaktivit.C3.A4t_und_Anwendung"></span>Reaktivität und Anwendung</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimerisierung">Dimerisierung</h3></div>
<p>Unstabilisierte Tetrylene neigen zur Dimerisierung. Dabei bilden sich entsprechend die korrespondierenden Ditetrene (<a href="Alkene" title="Alkene">Alkene</a>, <a href="Disilene" title="Disilene">Disilene</a>, Digermene, Distannene und Diplumbene). Diese können sowohl klassische als auch nichtklassische <a href="Doppelbindung" title="Doppelbindung">Doppelbindungen</a> aufweisen. Die klassischen Doppelbindungen resultieren dabei aus dem Überlapp der halb besetzten Molekülorbitale (SOMOs) zweier Tripletttetrylenfragmente, dadurch zur Ausbildung einer <i>σ</i>- und einer <i>π</i>-Bindung und damit einem planaren Molekül. Dies ist das gängige Auftreten von Alkenen. Die nichtklassischen Doppelbindungen resultieren aus der Wechselwirkung zweier Singulettetylene. Hierbei überlappt gegenseitig das freie Elektronenpaar eines Tetrylenfragments mit dem vakanten Orbital des anderen Tetrylenfragments. Die Substituenten der Tetrylenfragmente sind in der Folge um etwa 45° aus der Ebene herausgedreht, es entsteht eine <i>trans-bent</i>-Struktur. Diese werden mit zunehmendem Singulett-Triplett-Abstand und damit mit zunehmender Ordnungszahl des Zentralatoms präferiert.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="gallerytext">Überlapp zweier Tripletttetrylenfragmente</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Überlapp zweier Singuletttetrylenfragmente</div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Einsatz_als_Liganden">Einsatz als Liganden</h3></div>
<p>Die wahrscheinlich wichtigste Anwendung von Tetrylenen, insbesondere von Carbenen,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> findet sich als Ligand in Übergangsmetallkomplexen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aktivierung_von_E–E-Bindungen"><span id="Aktivierung_von_E.E2.80.93E-Bindungen"></span>Aktivierung von E–E-Bindungen</h3></div>
<p>Ihre besondere elektronische Struktur macht Tetrylene interessant für die Aktivierung kleiner Moleküle wie H<sub>2</sub>. Eine solche Reaktion konnten erstmals <a href="Guy_Bertrand" title="Guy Bertrand">Guy Bertrand</a> und seine Mitarbeiter im Falle von <a href="Cyclische_(Alkyl)(amino)carbene" title="Cyclische (Alkyl)(amino)carbene">cyclischen (Alkyl)(amino)carbenen</a> nachweisen.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sie führten die Reaktion auf einen Überlapp des freien Elektronenpaars am Carbenzentrum mit dem antibindenden <i>σ*</i>-Orbital des Wasserstoffs bei einer gleichzeitigen Interaktion des bindenden <i>σ</i>-Orbitals des Wasserstoffs mit dem vakanten Orbital am Kohlenstoffatom zurück.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Reaktion ist mittlerweile auch für einige schwerere Tetrylene bekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neben der Aktivierung von Wasserstoff gibt es auch Beispiele, in denen Tetrylene Ammoniak,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weißen Phosphor<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Schwefel<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, C–H-<sup id="cite_ref-:5_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Si–H-<sup id="cite_ref-:5_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder B–H-Bindungen<sup id="cite_ref-:5_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aktivieren.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonstige">Sonstige</h3></div>
<p>Neben den beschriebenen zählen noch die Stabilisierung reaktiver Spezies,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die Organokatalyse<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und der Einsatz in biologischen Studien<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zu den Anwendungsgebieten von Tetrylenen. Außerdem reagieren sie in <a href="Cycloaddition" title="Cycloaddition">Cycloadditionsreaktionen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwandte_Verbindungen">Verwandte Verbindungen</h2></div>
<p>Es existieren weiterhin eine Reihe von zu Carbenen isolobale und isoelektronische Verbindungen. Diese werden erhalten, indem das zentrale Gruppe 14-Element formal durch ein einfach negativ geladenes <a href="Borgruppe" title="Borgruppe">Gruppe-13</a>-Element (zum Beispiel <a href="Bor" title="Bor">B<sup>−</sup></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al<sup>−</sup></a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder <a href="Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga<sup>−</sup></a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), ein einfach positiv geladenes <a href="Stickstoffgruppe" title="Stickstoffgruppe">Gruppe-15</a>-Element (was zum Erhalt von Nitrenium-, <a href="Phosphenium" title="Phosphenium">Phosphenium-</a>, Arsenium-, Stibenium- oder Bismutenium-Ionen führt) oder ein zweifach positiv geladenes <a href="Chalkogene" title="Chalkogene">Gruppe-16</a>-Element (zum Beispiel S<sup>2+</sup> oder <a href="Selen" title="Selen">Se<sup>2+</sup></a>) ausgetauscht wird.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Erwin_Riedel" title="Erwin Riedel">Erwin Riedel</a>, <a href="Christoph_Janiak" title="Christoph Janiak">Christoph Janiak</a>, <a href="Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Meyer" class="mw-disambig" title="Hans-Jürgen Meyer">Hans-Jürgen Meyer</a>, Dietrich Gudat, Ralf Alsfasser: <cite style="font-style:italic">Riedel, moderne anorganische Chemie</cite>. 4. Auflage. De Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-024900-2.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.au=Erwin+Riedel%2C+Christoph+Janiak%2C+Hans-J%C3%BCrgen+Meyer%2C+...&rft.btitle=Riedel%2C+moderne+anorganische+Chemie&rft.date=2012&rft.edition=4.+Aufl&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783110249002&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=De+Gruyter" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">G. D. Frey, V. Lavallo, B. Donnadieu, W. W. Schoeller, G. Bertrand: <cite style="font-style:italic">Facile Splitting of Hydrogen and Ammonia by Nucleophilic Activation at a Single Carbon Center</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Science" title="Science">Science</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>316</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5823</span>, 20. April 2007, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>439–441</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141474">10.1126/science.1141474</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Facile+Splitting+of+Hydrogen+and+Ammonia+by+Nucleophilic+Activation+at+a+Single+Carbon+Center&rft.au=G.+D.+Frey%2C+V.+Lavallo%2C+B.+Donnadieu%2C+...&rft.date=2007-04-20&rft.doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1141474&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5823&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=439-441&rft.volume=316" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Bijoy Ghosh, Priyam Bharadwaz, Nibedita Sarkar, Ashwini K. Phukan: <cite style="font-style:italic">Activation of small molecules by cyclic alkyl amino silylenes (CAASis) and germylenes (CAAGes): a theoretical study</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Dalton_Transactions" title="Dalton Transactions">Dalton Transactions</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>49</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>39</span>, 2020, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>13760–13772</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D0DT03043K">10.1039/D0DT03043K</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Activation+of+small+molecules+by+cyclic+alkyl+amino+silylenes+%28CAASis%29+and+germylenes+%28CAAGes%29%3A+a+theoretical+study&rft.au=Bijoy+Ghosh%2C+Priyam+Bharadwaz%2C+Nibedita+Sarkar%2C+...&rft.date=2020&rft.doi=10.1039%2FD0DT03043K&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=39&rft.jtitle=Dalton+Transactions&rft.pages=13760-13772&rft.volume=49" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Shiori Fujimori, Shigeyoshi Inoue: <cite style="font-style:italic">Small Molecule Activation by Two‐Coordinate Acyclic Silylenes</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="European_Journal_of_Inorganic_Chemistry" title="European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry">European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2020</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>33</span>, 7. September 2020, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3131–3142</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202000479">10.1002/ejic.202000479</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32999589?dopt=Abstract">PMID 32999589</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7507849/">PMC 7507849</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Small+Molecule+Activation+by+Two%E2%80%90Coordinate+Acyclic+Silylenes&rft.au=Shiori+Fujimori%2C+Shigeyoshi+Inoue&rft.date=2020-09-07&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fejic.202000479&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=33&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pages=3131-3142&rft.pmc=7507849&rft.pmid=32999589&rft.volume=2020" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Natalia Del Rio, Morelia Lopez‐Reyes, Antoine Baceiredo, Nathalie Saffon‐Merceron, Dennis Lutters: <cite style="font-style:italic">N,P‐Heterocyclic Germylene/B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Adducts: A Lewis Pair with Multi‐reactive Sites</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Angewandte_Chemie_International_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Angewandte Chemie International Edition">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>56</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5</span>, 24. Januar 2017, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1365–1370</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201610455">10.1002/anie.201610455</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=N%2CP%E2%80%90Heterocyclic+Germylene%2FB%28C6F5%293+Adducts%3A+A+Lewis+Pair+with+Multi%E2%80%90reactive+Sites&rft.au=Natalia+Del+Rio%2C+Morelia+Lopez%E2%80%90Reyes%2C+Antoine+Baceiredo%2C+...&rft.date=2017-01-24&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fanie.201610455&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.pages=1365-1370&rft.volume=56" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoshiyuki Mizuhata, Takahiro Sasamori, Norihiro Tokitoh: <cite style="font-style:italic">Stable Heavier Carbene Analogues</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Chemical_Reviews" title="Chemical Reviews">Chemical Reviews</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>109</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>8</span>, 12. August 2009, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3479–3511</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900093s">10.1021/cr900093s</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Stable+Heavier+Carbene+Analogues&rft.au=Yoshiyuki+Mizuhata%2C+Takahiro+Sasamori%2C+Norihiro+Tokitoh&rft.date=2009-08-12&rft.doi=10.1021%2Fcr900093s&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.pages=3479-3511&rft.volume=109" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isabel Alvarado-Beltran, Antoine Baceiredo, Nathalie Saffon-Merceron, Vicenç Branchadell, Tsuyoshi Kato: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cyclic Amino(Ylide) Silylene: A Stable Heterocyclic Silylene with Strongly Electron-Donating Character</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>55</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>52</span>, 23. Dezember 2016, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>16141–16144</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201609899">10.1002/anie.201609899</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Cyclic+Amino%28Ylide%29+Silylene%3A+A+Stable+Heterocyclic+Silylene+with+Strongly+Electron-Donating+Character&rft.au=Isabel+Alvarado-Beltran%2C+Antoine+Baceiredo%2C+Nathalie+Saffon-Merceron%2C+...&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fanie.201609899&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=52&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.pages=16141-16144&rft.volume=55" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Asay, Shigeyoshi Inoue, Matthias Driess: <cite style="font-style:italic">Aromatic Ylide-Stabilized Carbocyclic Silylene</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>50</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>41</span>, 4. Oktober 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9589–9592</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201104805">10.1002/anie.201104805</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Aromatic+Ylide-Stabilized+Carbocyclic+Silylene&rft.au=Matthew+Asay%2C+Shigeyoshi+Inoue%2C+Matthias+Driess&rft.date=2011-10-04&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fanie.201104805&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=41&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.pages=9589-9592&rft.volume=50" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominik Munz: <cite style="font-style:italic">Pushing Electrons—Which Carbene Ligand for Which Application?</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Organometallics" title="Organometallics">Organometallics</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>37</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 12. Februar 2018, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>275–289</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00720">10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00720</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Pushing+Electrons%E2%80%94Which+Carbene+Ligand+for+Which+Application%3F&rft.au=Dominik+Munz&rft.date=2018-02-12&rft.doi=10.1021%2Facs.organomet.7b00720&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Organometallics&rft.pages=275-289&rft.volume=37" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:7-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew N. Hopkinson, Christian Richter, Michael Schedler, <a href="Frank_Glorius" title="Frank Glorius">Frank Glorius</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">An overview of N-heterocyclic carbenes</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>510</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7506</span>, Juni 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>485–49</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13384">10.1038/nature13384</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+N-heterocyclic+carbenes&rft.au=Matthew+N.+Hopkinson%2C+Christian+Richter%2C+Michael+Schedler%2C+...&rft.date=2014-06&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fnature13384&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7506&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=485-49&rft.volume=510" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Javier A. Cabeza, Pablo García-Álvarez, Diego Polo: <cite style="font-style:italic">Intramolecularly Stabilized Heavier Tetrylenes: From Monodentate to Bidentate Ligands: Intramolecularly Stabilized Tetrylenes</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2016</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Januar 2016, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10–22</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201500855">10.1002/ejic.201500855</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Intramolecularly+Stabilized+Heavier+Tetrylenes%3A+From+Monodentate+to+Bidentate+Ligands%3A+Intramolecularly+Stabilized+Tetrylenes&rft.au=Javier+A.+Cabeza%2C+Pablo+Garc%C3%ADa-%C3%81lvarez%2C+Diego+Polo&rft.date=2016-01&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fejic.201500855&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pages=10-22&rft.volume=2016" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mirjam J. Krahfuss, Udo Radius: <cite style="font-style:italic">N-Heterocyclic silylenes as ambiphilic activators and ligands</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Dalton Transactions</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>50</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>20</span>, 2021, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6752–6765</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT00617G">10.1039/D1DT00617G</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=N-Heterocyclic+silylenes+as+ambiphilic+activators+and+ligands&rft.au=Mirjam+J.+Krahfuss%2C+Udo+Radius&rft.date=2021&rft.doi=10.1039%2FD1DT00617G&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=20&rft.jtitle=Dalton+Transactions&rft.pages=6752-6765&rft.volume=50" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holger Braunschweig, Alexander Damme, Rian D. Dewhurst, Florian Hupp, J. Oscar C. Jimenez-Halla: <cite style="font-style:italic">σ-Donor–σ-acceptor plumbylene ligands: synergic σ-donation between ambiphilic Pt0 and Pbii fragments</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Chemical_Communications" title="Chemical Communications">Chemical Communications</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>48</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>84</span>, 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10410</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc35777a">10.1039/c2cc35777a</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=%CF%83-Donor-%CF%83-acceptor+plumbylene+ligands%3A+synergic+%CF%83-donation+between+ambiphilic+Pt0+and+Pbii+fragments&rft.au=Holger+Braunschweig%2C+Alexander+Damme%2C+Rian+D.+Dewhurst%2C+...&rft.date=2012&rft.doi=10.1039%2Fc2cc35777a&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=84&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Communications&rft.pages=10410&rft.volume=48" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:5-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_14-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_14-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_14-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_14-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_14-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Usher, Andrey V. Protchenko, Arnab Rit, Jesús Campos, Eugene L. Kolychev: <cite style="font-style:italic">A Systematic Study of Structure and E-H Bond Activation Chemistry by Sterically Encumbered Germylene Complexes</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Chemistry - A European Journal</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>22</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>33</span>, 8. August 2016, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11685–11698</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201601840">10.1002/chem.201601840</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=A+Systematic+Study+of+Structure+and+E-H+Bond+Activation+Chemistry+by+Sterically+Encumbered+Germylene+Complexes&rft.au=Matthew+Usher%2C+Andrey+V.+Protchenko%2C+Arnab+Rit%2C+...&rft.date=2016-08-08&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fchem.201601840&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=33&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+-+A+European+Journal&rft.pages=11685-11698&rft.volume=22" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Chandrajeet Mohapatra, Lennart T. Scharf, Thorsten Scherpf, Bert Mallick, Kai‐Stephan Feichtner, <a href="Viktoria_D%C3%A4schlein-Gessner" title="Viktoria Däschlein-Gessner">Viktoria H. Gessner</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Isolation of a Diylide‐Stabilized Stannylene and Germylene: Enhanced Donor Strength through Coplanar Lone Pair Alignment</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>58</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>22</span>, 27. Mai 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7459–7463</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201902831">10.1002/anie.201902831</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30901140?dopt=Abstract">PMID 30901140</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563488/">PMC 6563488</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+a+Diylide%E2%80%90Stabilized+Stannylene+and+Germylene%3A+Enhanced+Donor+Strength+through+Coplanar+Lone+Pair+Alignment&rft.au=Chandrajeet+Mohapatra%2C+Lennart+T.+Scharf%2C+Thorsten+Scherpf%2C+...&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fanie.201902831&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=22&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.pages=7459-7463&rft.pmc=6563488&rft.pmid=30901140&rft.volume=58" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pritam Mahawar, Mishi Kaushal Wasson, Mahendra Kumar Sharma, Chandan Kumar Jha, Goutam Mukherjee: <cite style="font-style:italic">A Prelude to Biogermylene Chemistry</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>59</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>48</span>, 23. November 2020, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>21377–21381</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202004551">10.1002/anie.202004551</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=A+Prelude+to+Biogermylene+Chemistry&rft.au=Pritam+Mahawar%2C+Mishi+Kaushal+Wasson%2C+Mahendra+Kumar+Sharma%2C+...&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fanie.202004551&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=48&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.pages=21377-21381&rft.volume=59" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:6-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_17-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_17-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Asay, Cameron Jones, <a href="Matthias_Driess" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Driess">Matthias Driess</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">N -Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues with Low-Valent Group 13 and Group 14 Elements: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactivities of a New Generation of Multitalented Ligands</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Chemical Reviews</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>111</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, 9. Februar 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>354–396</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100216y">10.1021/cr100216y</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=N+-Heterocyclic+Carbene+Analogues+with+Low-Valent+Group+13+and+Group+14+Elements%3A+Syntheses%2C+Structures%2C+and+Reactivities+of+a+New+Generation+of+Multitalented+Ligands&rft.au=Matthew+Asay%2C+Cameron+Jones%2C+Matthias+Driess&rft.date=2011-02-09&rft.doi=10.1021%2Fcr100216y&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.pages=354-396&rft.volume=111" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamie Hicks, Petra Vasko, Jose M. Goicoechea, Simon Aldridge: <cite style="font-style:italic">Synthesis, structure and reaction chemistry of a nucleophilic aluminyl anion</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>557</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7703</span>, Mai 2018, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>92–95</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0037-y">10.1038/s41586-018-0037-y</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tetrylene&rft.atitle=Synthesis%2C+structure+and+reaction+chemistry+of+a+nucleophilic+aluminyl+anion&rft.au=Jamie+Hicks%2C+Petra+Vasko%2C+Jose+M.+Goicoechea%2C+...&rft.date=2018-05&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0037-y&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7703&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=92-95&rft.volume=557" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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